第一篇：2018英语一 作文预测
Top 1：职业素养与必备素质专题
1、创新 Sheer investment of time and energy has become an outdated way of work.纯粹投入时间和精力的工作方式早已过时了。
If we review the history of human civilization, we shall find that pursuit of efficiency is the driving force（推动力）behind many inventions.如果我们回顾人类文明的历史，就会发现追求效率是很多发明背后的推动力。
A feasible new idea is able to help us greatly save labor and improve efficiency（极大地节约劳力、提高效率）.一个可行的新想法能帮助我们极大地节约劳力和提高效率。
Routines are always precious experiences（宝贵的经验）, but sometimes we have to break the routine（打破常规）to find more appropriate ways to be in line with（符合）the actual reality.惯例常常是宝贵的经验，但有时我们需要打破常规，寻找更符合现状的、更恰当的方式。
Even the most advanced methods will drop behind（落伍）one day, and even the wisest mind will be the obstacle to new things if it is confined by（受…禁锢）a certain mode.再先进的方法，终究会有落伍的时候；再智慧的头脑，一旦被一种模式禁锢，也会成为阻挠新事物产生顽石。Only when we don’t stick to（拘泥于）inherent routines and be diligent in thinking and innovating can we make a brand new life.我们只有不拘泥于固有套路，勤于思考，努力创新，才会打造出全新的生活。
2、善于思考、打破教条、考虑现状 Likewise, dogmatic beliefs, inconsistent with（与…不符）empirical reality, would impede individuals from（阻碍）achieving their goals.同理，与经验现实不符的教条观念会阻碍人们打成目标。
To break from the blinkered（思想狭隘的）mindset of dogmatism, one should tune into（注意，了解）what’s going on and keep in rhythm with（保持与…节奏一致）changes in daily living.要打破教条主义的狭隘思想，就要了解周遭正发生着什么，与日常生活中的变化保持节奏一致。
Meanwhile, it is imperative to approach alternative views with an open mind rather than becoming a prisoner of your own myopic（目光短浅的）mental model.同时，须以开放的思想对待各种不同观点，勿做短浅自我思维之囚。
3、脚踏实地、采取有效行动 When looking for a job or pursuing other goals, young people tend to aim high, but not put their thoughts into action（好高骛远，没有付诸行动）.在找工作或者追求其他目标时，年轻人往往好高骛远，而不将自己的想法付诸行动。
What’s worse, they are beginning to adopt a cynical attitude（愤世嫉俗的态度）towards life, complaining about unfairness brought upon them.更糟糕的是，他们会因此产生愤世嫉俗的生活态度，抱怨生活对他们的种种不公。
The unwillingness to take effective measures for the dream may lead to permanent failure in one’s personal and even affect the development of a country.不愿为实现梦想而采取有效行动不仅会导致自己人生的永远失败，甚至会影响整个国家的发展。
4、调查研究 Before taking actions ,we should do adequate investigation so as to have a definite object in view and then choose the most suitable way.Otherwise, our efforts will be futile（无效的，无用的）.我们在做事之前要做好充分的调查研究，才能有的放矢，选择最恰当的方式做事。否则，我们将会徒劳无功，一无所获。
Any success depends upon previous preparations, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.凡事预则立不预则废。
To avoid the embarrassing（令人尴尬的）situation of “milking the bull”, we should keep in mind that advance investigation is absolutely necessary.Our endeavor will pay off（取得成功）only when we are moving toward the right direction guided by the result of our research.为了避免类似于“公牛挤奶”的尴尬情景发生，我们应当谨记：调查研究必不可少。只有在调查结果的指引下，选对了方向，我们的努力才能得到回报。
In the picture, there are five men who are pushing blocks.Among them, four are working hard on square ones, and other one is working with ease on a round one.The men working on the round block is way ahead of the rest.Behind him there are some scrapes and a knife stuck into the ground.Obviously, he has cut his square block with the knife into what is now a ball.The picture is trying to tell us that it is not enough to work hard.One needs to work smart.Many jobs do not just need strength and labor, but needingenuity（独创性）, too.Sheer investment of time and energy has become an outdated way of work.Actually, to accomplish a lot of work in a short time is the dream of humans from the very beginning.If we review the history of human civilization,we shall find that pursuit of efficiency is the driving force（推动力）behind many inventions.We’ve invented the wheel to travel faster.We’ve invented the computer to achieve rapid calculation.And we’ve invented the Internet to make the globe a small village.In the age of innovation and rapid technological advances, many jobs do not need as much strength and labor as they used to.A feasible new idea is able to help us greatly save labor and improve efficiency.Just as the caption says, “Be not just diligent;be also ingenious in your work!”
Top 2：社会民风专题
1、共享单车 The advent of bike-sharing has greatly changed the way people travel.It not only improves people’s travel efficiency, but also lowers the cost（降低成本）of one’s trip to a certain extent.共享单车的出现极大地改变了人们的出现方式。它不仅提高了人们的出行效率，而且在一定程度上降低了出行成本。
Last but least, conception of bike-sharing makes it possible for us to lead a healthy and active lifestyle because it is an environment-friendly（环境友好型）means of transportation.最后同样重要的是，共享单车的理念使我们可能拥有健康积极的生活方式，因为它是一种环保的交通工具。
It is highly recommended（强烈建议）that the sharing bike providers give a better management to their bike-sharing system.It can be expected that bicycle-sharing system will play a contributing and constructive role in urban public transportation.我们强烈建议共享单车供应商为其共享系统提供更好的管理。可以预期，共享单车系统将在城市公共交通中起到积极的建设性作用。
Shared bikes have been seized upon（抓住，利用）by commuters（通勤者）as a cheap and convenient way to navigate congested cities.共享单车被通勤的人们当做一种便宜、方便的方式来应对交通堵塞问题。
But recently there has been mounting（逐渐增加的）complaints over an accumulation of millions of shared bikes on city streets.Bikes are often broken down or left haphazardly（随意地）parked by users outside of designated zones, which have seriously influenced citizens’ life.但是最近对城市机头成千上万的共享单车的抱怨越来越多。共享单车常常被破坏，或者被用户随意停靠在指定区域之外，严重影响了市民的生活。
What’s worse, safety issues have also arisen, including the reported death of a primary school student who was struck by a bus when he was
riding a shared bike.更糟糕的是，安全问题也日益浮现，其中包括曾经报道的一个小学生骑共享单车时被撞身亡的事故。
To tackle（处理）these problems, all aspects of the city should make concerted efforts（齐心协力）.Authorities should take actions to tighten controls on parking of bikes, devise systems to penalize offenders and develop standards（制定标准）on maintenance and bicycle life spans.为了解决这些问题，城市的各方面必须齐心协力。官方机构应当采取措施，加强对自行车停放的管理，制定规定惩罚破坏者，制定车辆维护和使用期限保准。
2、传统道德 For thousands of years, it has been considered a social responsibility andbehavioral norm（行为规范）to respect the elder in China.几千年来，尊老在中国被看做是一种社会责任和行为规范。
There is no doubt that traditional morality, as a national spirit, is a valuable contribution to social harmony and progress and thus should be advocated and promoted in modern times.毫无疑问，作为一种民族精神，传统道德对社会进步与和谐有着可贵的贡献。因此在现代社会也应受到提倡和发扬。
3、信任危机 First and foremost, people will be deprived of（被剥夺）much since they become over-cautions and feel insecure all the time.Besides, a lack of trust is detrimental to personal relationships since “ Trust is the glue of life.It’s the most essential ingredient in effective communication.It’s the foundation principle that holds all relationships.” Last but not least, people’s loss of trust in the government could intensify social contradictions（加剧社会矛盾）.首先，人们时刻小心谨慎，没有安全，因此被剥夺了许多乐趣。此外，缺乏信任对人际关系有害，因为“信任是生活的粘合剂。它是有效沟通的最重要的因素。它是维系所有关系的基本原则。”最后应特别指出的是，人们对政府失去信任会加剧社会矛盾。
Therefore, it is high time that（正是......的时候）we called on all sides to deal with the trust crisis.For one thing, the government should make great efforts to promote a credibility system.For another, the mass media should also play a positive role in restoring mutual trust among people.因此，现在汇聚各方力量应对信任危机正当其时。一方面，政府应当着力推荐诚信体系建设。另一方面，大众媒体也应该在恢复人与人之间的相互信任方面发挥积极作用。
4、就医之专家号 People tend to believe that experts are more professional, that prestigious experts can always make faster and better diagnosis and treatment.人们往往认为专家更加专业，觉得知名专家总是能给予更快、更好的诊断和治疗。
This, in my opinion, not only wastes people’s time, but also takes up the precious medical resources（占用宝贵医疗资源）.在我看来，这种做法不仅浪费了人们的时间，还占用了宝贵的医疗资源。
In the set of picture above, suspecting（怀疑）the vegetables for sale aren’t green food, a woman turns her back on the seller;doubting the credibility of advice from a self-claimed expert dressed as a doctor, an old man turns away;a young man casts doubt on（怀疑）an officer who takes an oath of integrity.The underlying meaning of the drawings can be elaborated in terms of loss of trust among people.There was a time when doors were left unlocked at night and no one pocketed anything found on the road.However, with the development of the society, people increasingly distrust each other.For example, fearing to be mistaken for offenders, few people would offer assistance to the aged people who fall down on the street because of seizures（突然发作）or injury.This crisis of trust in our society will bring many unfavorable consequences.First and foremost, people will be deprived of much fun since they become overcautious and feel insecure all the time.Besides, a lack of trust is detrimental to personal relationships since “ Trust is the glue of life.It’s the most essential ingredient in effective communication.It’s the foundational principle that holds all relationships.” Last but not the least, people’s loss of trust in the government could intensify social contradictions.Therefore, it is high time that we called on all sides to deal with the trust crisis.For one thing, the government should make great efforts to promote a credibility system.For another, the mass media should also pay a positive role in restoring mutual trust among people.Top 3：教育专题
1、补习班 As the saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Children should be allowed to have a break from time to time and plan their leisure time as they like.常言道，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。应该允许孩子们时不时地休息，按自己的喜好安排空闲时间。A blind search for tutors for children sometimes only turns out to be（成为）a blunder.盲目地让孩子上补习班有时会变成一个错误。
2、大学教师：科研or教学？ From my standpoint, teaching should prevail over（胜过）other aspects in that education is fundamental to the progress of our country.The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education.在我看来，教学应重于其他方面因为教育是国家进步的基础。一个民族的繁荣昌盛与否取决于教育的发展。
3、垃圾分类 Worse still, in many places, waste is disposed of by burning, and burning the recyclable waste like plastics will give off toxic smoke which pollutes the air.更糟糕的是，在很多地方，垃圾是通过焚烧来处理的，而焚烧诸如塑料之类的可回收垃圾会释放有毒气体，污染空气。
Top 5：文化专题
1、传统文化 An individual or nation showing no respect for the essence of traditional culture cannot be expected to develop or become stronger.Hence, something could and should be done to reverse the inexorable decline（扭转衰退）with the emphasis on Chinese traditional culture.一个不尊重传统文化的个人或民族不可能发展壮大。因此，针对中国传统文化，我们应该做些什么来扭转其衰退。
There is a tendency for many young people to take on western values and pursue consumerism（消费主义）and hedonism（享乐主义）, yet at the same time, to abandon traditional values exemplified by diligence and self-discipline（自律）.许多年轻人开始接受西方价值观，追求消费主义和享乐主义，而同时放弃了以勤奋、自律为代表的传统美德。
Nevertheless, it is just these moral values, inherited and accumulated from generation to generation in Chinese people, that have helped main social stability and unify us as a nation.然而，正是这些中国人民祖祖辈辈传承、积累下来的道德观帮助我们维系着社会稳定、使我们团结成一个民族。
Traditional Chinese culture should never be a relic of the past（历史的遗迹）, but be a living spiritual power that manifests in the lives of all Chinese people today.传统中国文化永远不应成为历史的遗迹，而应成为一种鲜活的精神力量、体现在当今所有中国人的生命之中。
Top 6：人生哲理专题
1、坚持不懈 First of all, perseverance can help us carve out a way（杀出一条路）to success, although the way to success is bumpy（坎坷的）and full of inevitable setbacks.首先，坚持能帮助我们杀出一条通往成功的路，尽管这条路会坎坷，有着不可避免的挫折。
When being caught in some troubles, we should bite the bullet（咬紧牙关）and stick to the belief, then our efforts and persistence will be rewarding.Just as what Benjamin Franklin once said, “Energy and persistence conquer all things.” 当遇到困难时，我们应该咬紧牙关、坚持信念。我们的努力和坚持会是值得的。正如本杰明·富兰克林所说:“能量和毅力可以征服一切。”
2、拒绝舒适区、接受挑战 They exert every effort（竭尽全力）to arrange everything for their children, depriving them of the opportunities to undergo frustration and ordeals and learn from them so that their grownup children cannot deal with the stress from the competitive world and even become the so-called “NEETs”（啃老族）, or parent-dependents.他们竭尽全力地为孩子安排好一切，剥夺了他们经历坎坷与磨难并从中学习的机会，以至于孩子长大成人后不能处理来自充满竞争的世界的压力。甚至成为所谓的“啃老族”（经济上依靠父母的人）。
For them, the home is their comfort zone, and the longer they stay here, the less likely they would be able to deal with life’s storms.对他们来说，家就是他们的舒适区，在那里待的时间越长，越不可能经受住生活中的暴风雨。
Top 7：网络科技专题
1、纸质书与电子书 In recent years, with the popularity of electronic products such as iPad and smart phones, people’s reading habits have changed drastically.近年来，随着平板电脑、智能手机等电子产品的普及，人们的阅读习惯发生了巨变。
After all, compared with paper books, e-books（电子书）are not only more portable, but also much cheaper.毕竟，与纸质书相比，电子书不仅方便携带，而且价格更加便宜。
Moreover, a research shows that readers are easily distracted when they are reading e-books.Readers would find it more difficult to concentrate especially when the device is equipped with other apps like game apps.此外，还有研究表明，电子书很容易让读者分心，尤其是当阅读设备上还装有其他软件如游戏软件时，阅读者更加难以集中精力。
第二篇：2010中考英语作文预测一
2010中考英语作文预测
一、健康问题（热点）1.健康问题是中
考常考的话题，出题形式多样，有必要下苦功掌握。How tokeep
healthy /fit? All of us want to be healthy.FirstFirstFirstFirst，we should get enough sleep during
the night.We can go to bed early and get up early.Staying up late is bad for our health.SecondSecondSecondSecond, we must have the right kinds of food.We should eat more fruit and
vegetables and less meat.We should drink a lot of water.We should have healthy eating habits.ThirdThirdThirdThird, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.FinallyFinallyFinallyFinally, we should be happy everyday.Because smile will make us younger.That is my advice.I hope you are That is my advice.I hope you are That is my advice.I hope you
are That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.healthy and enjoy your
life.healthy and enjoy your life.healthy and enjoy your life.2.卫生健康饮食:健康一直是
人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会,请根据下表内容谈谈你的看法,写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。（1）保持健康的重要性（2）保持健康的方法（3）保持健康的结论9(4)你的看法?How to keep healthy /fit?Here is my
advice about how to keep Here is my advice about how to keep Here is my advice about how to
keep Here is my advice about how to keep healthhealthhealthhealthyyyy/fit/fit/fit/fit....As a
middle shool student.firstfirstfirstfirst you’d better do more exercise such as playing ball games ,running,swimming and jumping ropes(绳子).ThenThenThenThen you should pay attention to
your diet or meals.Don’t eat too much meat or suger ,but more vegetables and fruit.Third Third
Third Third you need enough sleep or rest.NextNextNextNext keep yourself happy.As people
often say smiling makes younger.LastLastLastLast you mustn’t drink wine or smoke.They are
bad for your health.That is my That is my That is my That is my advice.I hope you are healthy
and enjoy your life.advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.advice.I hope you are healthy
and enjoy your life.advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.二、关于环境保护问
题（热点）环境保护问题是中考热门话题，出现频率高，难度较大，必须掌握。1、6
月5日(June 5)是世界环境保护日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重„„。假如你是学生Jone.，你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境?”专题演讲比赛，要求：(1)、举例
说明环境存在的问题1—3方面;(2)、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1—3
方面进行说明，字数80左右。As As As As we all know,the environmemt around us is
getting worse and we all know,the environmemt around us is getting worse and we all know,the
environmemt around us is getting worse and we all know,the environmemt around us is getting
worse and worse worse worse worse.In some places, we can’t see fish swimming in the river or
trees on the hills.Some people even have no clean water to drink.So I think we must do
something to protect the environmentwe must do something to protect the environmentwe must do
something to protect the environmentwe must do something to protect the environment.But what
can we do? How to protect our environmemt ?For example ,we can go to school on foot or by
bike.we can use shopping baskets not plastic bags when we go shopping ,and we can use both
sides of the paper when we write.In a word ,if In a word ,if In a word ,if In a word ,if everyone
pays more aeveryone pays more aeveryone pays more aeveryone pays more attention to our
environment ,there will be less ttention to our environment ,there will be less ttention to our
environment ,there will be less ttention to our environment ,there will be less pollution and our life
will be better.“There is only one earth”,I hope pollution and our life will be better.“There is only
one earth”,I hope pollution and our life will be better.“There is only one earth”,I hope pollution
and our life will be better.“There is only one earth”,I hope everyone will proteceveryone will
proteceveryone will proteceveryone will protect our environment well.2、保护环境(四川乐山)从2008年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起
全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment”为
题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。内容包含：(1).在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋；(2).尽可能地再利用使用过的课本；(3).离开教室应关灯；(4).最好走路或骑自行车上学；(5).简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等.参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag
保护protect能源energy 污染pollution课本textbookWhat Can We
Do for the Environmentour environment is becoming worse and worse , what can we do
for the environment? I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.The first thing we can dThe first thing we can dThe first thing we can dThe first thing we can do is
to o is to o is to o is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping.It helps to
protect the environment.The second The second The second The second thing we can do is
tothing we can do is tothing we can do is tothing we can do is to reuse the old textbooks as
possible as we can.We We We We should also should also should also should also never forget to
turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy.What’s moreWhat’s
moreWhat’s moreWhat’s more, it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school.We should
try our best to reduce pollution and waste.In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can
make a real In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real In fact, even the simplest
everyday activities can make a real In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real
difference to the environment.I believe we can make the world a better difference to the
environment.I believe we can make the world a better difference to the environment.I believe we
can make the world a better difference to the environment.I believe we can make the world a
better place to live in.place to live in.place to live in.place to live in.3.为了保护
地球有限的资源，我们应该采取什么措施呢？请根据下面的提示写一篇约80词的短文，短
文开头已经给出。提示词；1.save water, the source of life , protect drinking water, stop polluting,make full use of it；2.save electricity, crucial, turn off, other electric machines；3.save forests,useful ,stop cutting down；4.recycle useful rubbish, save resources参考作文：Although the
world develops much faster and better, the resources Although the world develops much faster and
better, the resources Although the world develops much faster and better, the resources Although
the world develops much faster and better, the resources on the earth get fewer and fewer.on the
earth get fewer and fewer.on the earth get fewer and fewer.on the earth get fewer and fewer.In
order to protect them,something must be done.Save waterSave waterSave waterSave water.Water is the source of life.No water, no life.So it’s very important for us to do so.Not only should
we protect drinking water and stop polluting it, but also make full use of it.Save electricitySave
electricitySave electricitySave electricity.It is crucial.We can’t imagine what the life will be like
without it.Everyone should do his best to save electricity.Don’t forget to turn off lights or other
electric machines when we finish working.Save forestsSave forestsSave forestsSave forests.They are useful.Please stop cutting them down and use recycled paper instead.Make our world a
green one to live in.Recycle useful rubbiRecycle useful rubbiRecycle useful rubbiRecycle useful rubbishshshsh.Plenty of rubbish can be recycled like cans,paper, bottles, and so on.We can save resources in
this way.We can save resources in this way.We can save resources in this way.We can save
resources in this way.I believe we can make the world I believe we can make the world I believe
we can make the world I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.a better place to
live in.a better place to live in.a better place to live in.三、语言学习（热点）这是中
考中的老话题，近几年常考，形式多样。例文 ：请根据以下问题和答案的提示并结合你的实际情况，以“My English Learning”为题写一篇80词左右的英文稿件，要求至少涉及
其中的三个问题，并且不能出现你的真实姓名、校名和县名等。提示： When did you start
learning English?(in „ /„years ago)How do you learn English?(listen carefully, study with
a group, read English every day„)What is difficult to learn?(listening, grammar„)What
other helpful ways do you know to learn English well?(watch English movies, sing English
songs„)参考作文：English is one of my best subjects and I started learning English when I
was ten years old.But at the very beginning, listening seemed a little difficult for me.So I have
been doing a lot of listening practice, such as listening to tapes, watching English TV programs.And I found it really helpful.In fact, there are some more helpful ways to learn English well.For
example, I enjoy singing English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from
English-speaking countries.I believe I believe I believe I believe that nothing is impossible if you
put your heart into it.that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.that nothing is
impossible if you put your heart into it.that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.2、（四川资阳）假设你叫李华，你的英国笔友Linda为了来中国参观奥运会而报名参加了汉
语培训班学习汉语。她最近写信向你询问学习外语的建议。请根据下列提示和你学习英语的体会给Linda写一封回信。参考作文：Dear Linda，I’m very glad that you’ll come
to China to watch the Olympic Games.I know it iI know it iI know it iI know it isn’t easy to learn
a foreign language, but I have some ideas sn’t easy to learn a foreign language, but I have some
ideas sn’t easy to learn a foreign language, but I have some ideas sn’t easy to learn a foreign
language, but I have some ideas that may help.Firstlythat may help.Firstlythat may help.Firstlythat may help.Firstly, it’s very important to listen to the teacher carefully in class and make
some notes so that you can go over your lessons later.SecondlySecondlySecondlySecondly, try to
catch every chance to practice speaking, both in and out of class.Don’t be afraid of making
mistakes.ThenThenThenThen try to listen and read more in Chinese.What’s moreWhat’s
moreWhat’s moreWhat’s more, you’d better plan your time well and study it regularly every day.Above allAbove allAbove allAbove all, you should be confident in yourself and dodododon’t give
up n’t give up n’t give up n’t give up whenever you meet with difficultwhenever you meet with
difficultwhenever you meet with difficultwhenever you meet with difficultiesiesiesies.I’m sure
you will succeed through.I’m sure you will succeed through.I’m sure you will succeed through.I’m sure you will succeed through your hard work.your hard work.your hard work.your hard
work.Best wishes and look forward to meeting you in China.ours,Li Hua
四、志愿者工作（福建莆
田）假如你是李华，你从报纸上看到2008北京奥运会志愿者的招聘广告。请你用英文写封
简短的应聘信，介绍自己的情况（见下表）表示愿意为奥运会做一些工作，请组委会给予考
虑，并能尽早予以答复，词数：80左右。姓名李华年龄16简历我市某中学学
生爱好绘画、体育、唱歌、演讲、英语口语获奖情况2007年12月获我市中学生英
语演讲比赛一等奖身体状况健康联系电话0594--1356666提示词汇：1.志愿者
voluteer2.作为work as3.答复reply to4.比赛contestSir/Madam,I read your ad.in the newspaper yesterday.I’m writing to tell you I’m writing to tell you I’m writing to tell you
I’m writing to tell you that I’d like to work as a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.that I’d
like to work as a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.that I’d like to work as a volunteer for
the 2008 Beijing Olympics.that I’d like to work as a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.My name is Li Hua.I’m sixteen.I have many hobbies, such as drawing, sports, singing, speeches,and spoken English.I am proud that I won the first prize in our city’s English Speech Contest for
Middle School Student in December, 2007.In fact I’m healthy and strong.If I am lucky
enough to become a volunteer, I willIf I am lucky enough to become a volunteer, I willIf I am
lucky enough to become a volunteer, I willIf I am lucky enough to become a volunteer, I will
try my best to do try my best to do try my best to do try my best to do this job wellthis job wellthis
job wellthis job well.Please reply to me soon.My telephone number is 0594—1356666.Yours
sincerelyLi Hua
五、初中生活的回顾
1、回顾初中三年成长过程，你一定有很多感受，从学习，生
活，爱好等方面作出自我评价(毕业 回顾评价)I have studied in my middle school
for three years.I have learned a lot.I have learned not only how to make friends but also how to
talk to others.I have many hobbies.I like sports.I often play basketball, football and volleyball
with my friends.Football is my favorite.Of all my subjects, I do best in English and Chinese.But
my math and physics are a little weak.I think I will try my best to learn them well.I hope I can
study in No.1 High School.2、初中阶段的学习即将结束，回想自己在父母和师长的关爱和
帮助下的成长过程，心中充满感激之情。请用英语给父母或老师写一封80词左右的信表示
感谢。范文（1）
Dear parentsparentsparentsparents,www.xiexiebang.come a good student.I am so thankful for your love
I am so thankful for your love I am so thankful for your love I am so thankful for your love that I
will work harder and trythat I will work harder and trythat I will work harder and trythat I will
work harder and tryto do better in the future.to do better in the future.to do better in the
future.to do better in the future.Best wishes.Yours, Zhang hua 范文（2）Dear
teacherteacherteacherteacher, www.xiexiebang.coming more and more popular among the middle school students.Some students think that it is easy to use them to keep in touch with parents and classmates.Also, they can be used to listen to music or take photos.But others think that we don’t need to talk with parents and classmates with mobile phones, because we meet them every day.And mobile phones may influence our study.In my opinion, it’s not wrong to follow the fashion, but the most important thing is how to use the mobile phone in a right way.Yours truly,Wang Lin
八、与父母相处的话题 这类作文难度较大，掌握基本句式，背诵范文非常必要。（陕西省卷）假如你是Han Mei, 下面是一封你的笔友Alice 给你发来的e-mail,请你根据e-mail 的内容给她写一封回信，与她交流看法，并帮她排忧解难。提示词语：listen to, mother's love, care about, communicate with, get along with, smile写作要求：1.语句通顺，书写工整；2.可用所给提示词语，也可以适当发挥；3.词数在60-80左右Dear Han Mei,I'm afraid I've got a big problem recently.My mother talks too much to me.She always tells me, “Be careful while crossing the street.” “Put on more clothes.” “Did you do a good job at school?” and so on.I'm annoyed(烦恼)。What shall I do?Alice例文 Dear Alice,As a teenager, I met the same problem as you.ButAs a teenager, I met the same problem as you.ButAs a teenager, I met the same problem as you.ButAs a teenager, I met the same problem as you.But now I can get along better with my mother.Here are some ideas for you.Your mother talks much, because she cares about you.Maybe it's not a good way, but it shows your mother's love.So I think you should listen to her.If your opinions are different from your mother's, you can communicate with her, and tell her what you are thinking about.If your mother doesn't take your advice, just keep silent and give her a smile.I hope what I say here can help you a lot.I hope what I say here can help you a lot.I hope what I say here can help you a lot.I hope what I say here can help you a lot.Yours Han Mei
第三篇：2012中考英语作文题目预测及参考一
2012中考英语作文题目预测及参考范文一
假定你是李华，最近你们班就“低碳”生活方式进行了讨论，你的美国朋友Jack来信向你询问讨论情况，请你用英语写封回信，简单参照作文地带介绍的以下讨论结果：
1.节水节电；
2.垃圾分类；
3.少用纸巾，重拾手帕；
4.步行，骑自行车或乘坐公交车。
参考词汇：低碳low carbon 纸巾tissue
注意：词数100以内(不含开头和结尾所给出的字数)；可适当增加细节了，以使行文连贯；开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack, Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle.Here is something about it。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes，Li Bing
参考范文：
Dear Jack, Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle.Here is something about it。
We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of living low carbon life.First, we’d better turn off lights if possible and spend less time watching TV or surfing the Internet.Saving water also matters much.Besides, we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some, which will surely benefit us a great deal.In addition, we suggest using handkerchiefs instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from being cut down.More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which contributes to a cleaner world。
随着互联网的发展和普及，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了，甚至已经成了我们日常生活的一部分了；相信同学们身边一定有不少同学已经通过网络进行购物了，比如*****网，京东商城等；但是网络购物究竟有何利弊呢？ 请写一篇短文，谈谈网上购物的好处与坏处。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping these days.Some students think it's very convenient for us to go shopping on the internet.The shops on Internet，for example taobao.com, 360buy.com are open for almost 24 hours a day, so we can buy something we want at any time if we like.What's more, we needn't to wait in a queue。
However, some students disagreed with them.We can't see the things while we are shopping.So we are not sure whether they are good or not..Besides, we can't enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends。
许多学习生活中的烦恼都会使人产生压力，为了更好地发现及解决同学们中存在的心理压力问题，你们班特意开展了一次以“Less Pressure, Better Life”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你准备发言稿，谈谈你的一些缓解压力的好办法，与同学分享，内容包括：
●同学们中普遍存在的压力是什么；
●我的压力是什么；
●我是如何成功缓解我的压力的。
注意：文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
词数80~100；短文的开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Less Pressure, Better Life
Hello, boys and girls!
Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world.Students in our class are under too much pressure.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all.Thank you!
参考范文：
Less Pressure, Better Life
Hello, boys and girls!
Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world.Students in our class are under too much pressure.Some students can’t get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams。
I’m always under pressure, too.My parents want me to be the top student in class.So they send me to all kinds of training classes at weekends。
Last Monday evening, I had a talk with my mother.I told her I was not lazy.I really felt tired.I needed time to relax.My mother agreed with me at last.So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem。
That’s all.Thank you!
近年来，我国火灾频频发生。2010年11月15日，上海胶东路一座高楼起火，损失严重。这个事件提醒注意防火安全很重要。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文来分析引起火灾的原因并谈谈你对火灾中自救的建议。
要求：
1.词数不少于90，短文开头过渡已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2.要点完整、层次清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯。
提示：
防火安全fire safety 电 electricity 燃放烟花爆竹 set off fireworks
爬行crawl on one’s knees 消防栓 the fire hydrant Usually fire accidents are caused because of carelessness.For example, _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
What can we do to protect ourselves when there is a fire?____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2011年初，我国南方大部分地区遭受冻雨(freezing rain)，特别是贵州、湖南和四川，灾情失分严重。公路、铁路、机场都被迫关闭，电网瘫痪。冻灾致使贵州40万人饮水难，四川两电厂停运。部分山区人民生活异常困难，在各级政府的带领下，人民群众、解放军战士英勇抗击冰灾，涌现出大批可歌可泣的英雄事迹。作为一名中学生，你有何感想？有何打算？能不能改变这种状态？
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
As we know, our country suffered heavy ice early 2011.Everything was covered with freezing rain.Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan suffered the most.It caused the buses, trains and planes stop service.The disaster destroyed power facilities, cutting power supplies in many areas.As a result, huge economic loss was caused.Many people could not work and live normally.There was no food, water or light in some places.Our government called on people to fight against heavy snow.As a student, I think we should learn from those heroes.We must study hard at school.We should learn all kinds of knowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer。
据报道，从2011年开始韩国除了向所有小学和初高中学生发放纸质的语文、英语、数学教科书之外，同时还将发放光盘形式的电子教科书。这表明，在韩国，电子图书即将走进寻常百姓家。某英文论坛发起了一次主题为“E-Books, Good or Bad?”的讨论，请你写一篇80词左右的短文，表达你对这件事情的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
E-Books Are Good
It’s reported that school students in Korea will use e-books from 2011.What good news this is!E-books have many advantages。
Most importantly, they are good for the environment, since they can save lots of paper and trees.Besides, they are very convenient.To get a paper book, one has to spend a lot of time searching for it in a bookshop.But we can find e-books very quickly on the computer。
In short, e-books can help us enjoy our life more。
分享
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由 反对的理由
1.广交朋友 1.浪费时间
2.可自由表达思想 2.影响学习
3.有利于外语学习3.可能上当受骗
你的看法是？
注：字数100—120之间。(书写不整齐者，酌情扣分。)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes.Internet helps people make many friends.Chatting on line, students can express more freely their feelings and opinions, and even get help for their foreign language studies。
Others, however, think students should not.They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides, some students get cheated on line。
It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us。
第四篇：2013中考英语作文题目预测一
2013中考英语作文题目预测一
假定你是李华，最近你们班就“低碳”生活方式进行了讨论，你的美国朋友Jack来信向你询问讨论情况，请你用英语写封回信，简单参照作文地带介绍的以下讨论结果：
1.节水节电；2.垃圾分类；3.少用纸巾，重拾手帕；4.步行，骑自行车或乘坐公交车。参考词汇：低碳low carbon 纸巾tissue
注意：词数100以内(不含开头和结尾所给出的字数)；可适当增加细节了，以使行文连贯；开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle.Here is something about it.Best wishes,Li Bing
2013中考英语作文题目预测二
许多学习生活中的烦恼都会使人产生压力,为了更好地发现及解决同学们中存在的心理压力问题,你们班特意开展了一次以“Less Pressure, Better Life”为主题的英语演讲比赛,请你准备发言稿,谈谈你的一些缓解压力的好办法,与同学分享,内容包括: ①同学们中普遍存在的压力是什么；②我的压力是什么；③我是如何成功缓解我的压力的。
注意：文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
词数80-100；短文的开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Less Pressure, Better Life
Hello, boys and girls!
Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world.Students in our class are under too much pressure.2013中考英语作文题目预测三
随着互联网的发展和普及，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了，甚至已经成了我们日常生活的一部分了；相信同学们身边一定有不少同学已经通过网络进行购物了，比如*****网，京东商城等；但是网络购物究竟有何利弊呢? 请写一篇短文，谈谈网上购物的好处与坏处。
2013中考英语作文题目预测四
卫生健康饮食:健康一直是人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会,请谈谈你的看法,写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。
2013中考英语作文题目预测五
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由 1．广交朋友 2．可自由表达思想 3．有利于外语学习
反对的理由 1．浪费时间 2．影响学习3．可能上当受骗
你的看法是？
2011年中考英语作文 题目预测及范文一．假如你是一所国际学校校办英文杂志的学生编辑。你看了下面这封信后，也想写一篇关于该信的读后感，内容要点包括：你对此事件的看法；解释你的理由并提出你的建议；向受害者表达尽快康复的祝愿。Today，I received the reader‘s letter.I was shocked at it.Personally speaking，I think we should pay more attention to the food safety.The government must make some necessary laws.What’s more，some businessmen shouldn‘t be only interested in making money.They must care about people’s health.We‘d better not eat anything in dirty places though some food is delicious，because eating unhealthy food does harm to our health.Finally，I hope the family in the accident will get better soon。二．中国西南地区干旱的英语作文Saving water is very important for us.There will be fewer fresh water in the future.We must avoid any chance of wasting water.We should take actions in or daily life.For example, take shorter water at any time, leave the sink running.Every time you use water, you should turns off taps after using.We need to be careful and save a little bit of water for years and years.A pale, uneven, parched world, where a motor-car rocks and lurches and churns in sand.A world pallid with dryness, in human with a faint taste of alkali.Like driving in the bed of a great sea that dried up unthinkable ages ago, and now is drier than any other dryness, yet still reminiscent of the bottom of the sea, sand hills sinking, and straight, cracked mesas, like cracks in the dry-mud bottom of the sea.If we don’t save water,the last drop pf water will be our tears.三．毕业感想初中生活马上就要结束了，三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想（请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名）。提示词供参考。three years，memories，one of，one day，think，happy/ sorryHow time flies！I have studied in my school for three years.And I will graduate from middle school in a month.I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.I had so many memories in three years’ life.On of them impressed me very much.I still remember，when I began to learn English，I found it too difficult.No matter how hard I tried，I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up.As soon as my English teacher found my problem，she had a talk with me about how to learn English well.Since then，she has kept helping me.Little by little，I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it.I think I am so lucky to become one of her students.I’ve learned a lot from her.I will try to help others when they are in trouble.I think it is a happy thing to help others.中考英语满分作文教程
中考英语作文模...中考英语作文模...四．目前十堰市正在积极创建全国文明城市，中学生也在为之努力。假如你是你是某中学的一名学生张通，请根据下列图表所示内容，给笔友John写一封电子邮件，介绍有关情况。注意：1.邮件内容应包含所有要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥;2.文中不得使用真实姓名、校名等信息;3.词数90左右(邮件中已经写好了的部分，不计入总词数)。4.参考词汇：civilized 文明的 respect 尊敬Dear John,I’m glad to hear from you.Now let me tell you something about our city.Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city.We middle school students are also doing some things for it.We are all polite to our teachers.(In class, we listen carefully to them./ When we meet them, we always say hello to them./…)We also respect the old.For example, we help them cross the streets.We are always ready to help each other.(When one has
difficulty with his studies, others will help him at once./...)We often show our love to those in trouble.Last month, the students of my class donated money to the earthquake-hit areas.Besides, we plant trees to protect the environment and make our city more beautiful.Shiyan is my hometown.I will do my best to turn Shiyaninto a civilized city.Zhang Tong
五．低碳生活现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”（low-carbon life），即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。提示词语：be good for，everyone，ride a bike，think，make a difference，environment，suggest，reuseLow-carbon life is good for everyone.To help with the environment，I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car.Besides，I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom.I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life.And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment.So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible.And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes.If everyone does something for the environment，I believe the earth will be a better place.六．上海世博会对中国的影响As we all know that 2010 World Expo will be held in Shanghai，this is the first time that China hosted the World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it hasnever been held in Asia.So it is a great honor for our country.It is also a great honor for all the Asians.As a host city，Shanghai will have more chances to develop quickly.The theme of the Expo is “Better City，Better Life”。We all really hope that Shanghai will become more exciting and attractive and that we can enjoy life to the fullest.Organizers expected to attract 70 million visitors from all over the world to attend，at the same time it is also the largest in the history of World Expo.It is a good chance for China to show its achievements in many fields.七．How to Survive an EarthquakeIf earthquake happened，firstly，don’t panic and calm down.Secondly，find some safe place to stay and don‘t run in such a hurry.If in the room，one should hide himself/herself under something hard，such as desk，table or even bed and keep away from shelf and cupboard，and never take a lift to go downstairs.If in the open air，find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.Thirdly，we should help each other when we meet trouble.At last，no matter how strong the earthquake is，if only we have the belief to defeat it and never give up，we must be able to overcome any difficulties.八．现在越来越多的人在网上购物，网购已 成为流行趋势，二网购的利弊也成为人们讨论的焦点，请参考下面的信息，并结合就的观点些一短文，谈谈你的看法。1.方便，可以在家买东西，不受时间限制。2.有很大的商品信息，可以买到当地没有的商品。价格较便宜。3.买货容易退货难；实物和图片有差距。
4．网络支付不安全。提示词：实物：materiai objectNow Internet shopping is more and more popular in the world.It’s a new way of shopping.It has lots of advertages.The most important is convient.You can shop whenever you like because the online shop are open 24 hours a day.It is often to buy goods and it is also easy to find the things that youcan’t buy in the shop.Besides,it’s cheaper.But “ Every coin has two sides.” So is Internet shopping.You can’t see the material objects or check their quality.Usually the pictures are more beautiful than the goods.So when
we get the goods and don’t like them, they sometimes are not easy to give back.What’s more , It’s not safe to pay through the internet.So九． 日本的大地震导致核电站严重受损，核泄漏引起本国及周边国家人民的恐慌。上周你校同学就“是否应该发展核电站？”举行了一场英语辩论会，参加辩论的A组和B组的同学意见截然不同。请根据下面提供的信息，给某杂志社写一篇英语短文，客观地介绍辩论的情况。开头已经给出。
第五篇：2012年考研英语一作文预测
一、写作A节：预测：60%考摘要，40%考书信、备忘录、报告(一)摘要：最新大纲样题：经济类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
经济全球化的主要原因
20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：
全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联，世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成，以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。
全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。
首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体，40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明，市场经济体制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动，就谈不上经济全球化。
其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。
最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流。各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还出现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织(WTO)所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则，作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基金组织(IMF)和世界银行(WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。(1590字)
参考范文：
Fundamental Causes of Economic Globalization
Economic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of the 1950s.Several factors have contributed to such development.Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means.Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailing over the world.Others factors include the pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance。(100 words)2.金融类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
金融危机
金融危机又称金融风暴，是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标(如：短期利率、货币资产、证券、房地产、土地(价格)、商业破产数和金融机构倒闭数)的急剧、短暂和超周期的恶化。
金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机等类型。近年来的金融危机越来越呈现出某种混合形式的特征。
金融危机的特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期，整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值，经济总量与经济规模出现较大的损失，经济增长受到打击。往往伴随着企业大量倒闭，失业率提高，社会普遍的经济萧条，甚至有些时候伴随着社会动荡或国家政治层面的动荡。
金融危机的产生大多数情况是由经济泡沫引起的，而产生危机的背景非常复杂，有多方面的因素。以21世纪最大的美国金融危机为例，追根溯源，主要有以下几方面促因。(1)美国的消费习惯。借钱(贷款)消费是普遍的生活方式。年轻人收入少，但消费多；老年人退休后享受优越的退休金，但消费相对少。所以，年轻人多借钱消费(包括向父母借钱，这与中国不同)。而且，美国发达、完善的信用体制使几乎所有人的消费靠借钱来完成。而从储蓄模式来看，美国人的储蓄率历来很低，近年来，一直在零储蓄率上徘徊。要消费，只能靠借钱。经济增长模式。美国的经济增长主要依靠消费驱动。其消费率长期为70%左右，投资率为15%左右，国际贸易方面严重入超。
(2)经济管理思想。自上世纪70年代发生经济“滞涨”以后，凯恩斯主义的“国家干预”政策遭到新古典自由主义的强烈批评，此后，新自由主义思潮受到追捧。80年代的“华盛顿共识”所倡导的“经济自由、私有化、减少管制”成为指导西方国家经济走向的主要道具。
(3)经济环境与具体政策工具。美国2000年后陷入高科技泡沫破裂后的短暂衰退之中，在美联储前主席格林斯潘的主持下，连续13次大幅度消减联邦基准利率，从最高6.5%下降到1%，强行向市场注入流动性资金，扼住了经济下滑，也拉动了美国房地产连续多年繁荣。这正是这次次贷危机乃至金融危机爆发的直接导火线。在21世纪的最初几年里，同样的低利率政策，为什么美国偏偏房地产行业得以相对发展，而不是其他行业呢？原因是：网络等高科技产业高速发展导致的泡沫破灭后，进入一个成长停滞期，抑制了大量资金对该行业的投入；20世纪六、七十年代，随着劳动力成本的不断提升，美国制造业，尤其是劳动密集型产业大量外移，形成国内产业空心化，加之服务业在繁荣之后的替代更新需要一定的时滞期，所以，这些行业投资机会较少。而且，从90年代开始，美国的房产一直处于稳定的状态。在这种情况下，流动性资金开始注入该行业。(1034字)
参考范文
Financial Crisis
Financial crisis, also known as financial tsunami, refers to the dramatic deterioration of the financial indicators of a certain country or several countries and regions in the world.It can be classified as currency crisis, debt crisis, banking crisis, sub-loan crisis, etc.The feature of the crisis is that people are pessimistic about the economic future because of monetary depreciation occurring throughout the region.The causes for the crisis are complicated with multiple reasons, mainly from three aspects, i.e., the U.S.consumption habits of borrowing, the idea of free economic management, and the economic environment and specific policy instruments.(99 words)
3.管理类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
改变市场还是适应市场
身处一个充满着不确定性因素的市场环境，企业是去改变它，还是去适应它？长期以来，这一直是企业管理者所面临的最为关键的企业发展策略选择之一。在某种程度上，这种选择就像一场赌博。这种选择不仅严酷，而且无法回避，要么去改变市场，要么去适应市场，对大多数企业而言，这两种策略选择都是排他的。如果你想静待不确定性消失而后动，则可能会白白丧失一个获得先发优势的良机。
改变市场和适应市场这两种策略在实践中表现为不同的形式。一般来讲，市场的改变者往往会通过促使整个行业的行为方式发生变化而控制不确定性。为了做到这一点，有的企业会设法使自己的技术或业务流程成为新的行业标准；另外一些企业会致力于引进创新的产品、服务以及业务系统来重新定义行业竞争的基础，在这一方面，美国西南航空公司采取低价和点到点空运模式，戴尔公司率先实施直销策略等，都是很好的例子；还有一些市场改变者通过大胆的兼并或收购来重组不稳定的行业环境，这方面的例子也不少见。
与市场改变者不同的是，市场适应者总是把现在和未来的行业市场结构和竞争行为当做是已有的外部环境。当市场稳定时，市场适应者试图在现存的行业市场结构之内谋求一个有利的位置。而当不确定性增加时，他们会根据市场的变化借助速度和灵活性来获得机会。一些市场适应者可能会通过及时地紧跟一个潜在的市场领导者的引导来获得市场先机；还有一些市场适应者会通过在产品、服务和业务系统方面进行不断的试验来逐步确定自己的策略。市场适应者采取的另一种办法是，建立一个高度灵活的组织来应对市场的变化，他们不断地招聘和培养成熟的具有管理技能的员工——不管市场如何变化，这样的员工对客户来讲都是有价值的。
企业应该采取改变市场的策略还是适应市场的策略，在很大程度上取决于环境不确定性的程度和性质。简单地讲，当不确定性较高，而企业能对其中的变数施加影响时，改变市场的策略往往奏效；当创造价值的主要因素相对稳定，而相关变数不能为企业所控制时，适应的策略才是应该优先考虑的。
这其中的道理是显而易见的。在一个高度不确定的市场，技术标准正在变化，竞争者出入不定，而消费者也还没有锁定自己喜爱的品牌。这样的市场环境为改变策略的实施提供了很大的空间，一次大型的兼并，一项果断的技术投资，一个强有力的产品捆绑策略，都很有可能会使混乱的市场格局变得井然有序，而新的市场格局对实施改变策略的企业当然是极为有利的。然而，在实践中，当面临着高度不确定性的环境时，企业的决策者总是偏向于采取适应的市场策略。之所以如此，部分原因在于决策者们习惯于依靠像波特的五种竞争力框架之类的理论工具来指导决策。对于相对稳定的市场，运用这类理论工具能够对未来的市场产生深刻的洞察力，然而，对于复杂多变的市场，这类工具却很少能为决策者准确判断未来的市场提供有力的支持。而要想成为一个成功的市场改变者，对未来有一个准确的预见是至关重要的。
应该指出的是，即使是最优秀的企业也不可能在任何情况下都采取改变市场的策略并且获得成功。一个成功的市场改变者必须具备很多品质，如；对未来发展的洞见、良好的声誉、特定领域的领导地位、一流的技术或创新的能力，以及操作上的娴熟等。并非所有的企业都具备这些品质。
企业决策者往往以为，适应市场的策略是一个容易实施的选择。这种想法是错误的。首先，这种想法使得经理人员以为，适应市场的策略并不像改变市场的策略那样需要较强的财务和心理承受力。其实并非如此。对于一个市场的适应者而言，要不断地进行产品服务等方面的试验，还要建立一个灵活的组织，这些都需要极大的财务上和心理上的承受能力；其次，这种想法会使经理人员以为，实施适应市场的策略只需消极而不是积极的管理就能成功。其实，一个市场的适应者也必须在捕捉机会、规避风险和业务调整等方面有相当的技巧，而这远远不是消极的管理所能做到的。(1561字)参考范文
Changing the Market or Adapting to It
In face of a market environment full of uncertain factors, should an enterprise change it, or to adapt to it? This is a question which has confronted business managers in making their development strategies for long.Actually, these two strategies represent different forms in practice.Unlike those who try to change the market, adaptors always regard the market structure and competitive behavior as a given external environment.Whether an enterprise should take the strategy of changing the market environment or adapting to it depends largely on the environmental uncertainty and its nature.It is wrong to believe that the adaptive strategy is an easy job.(106 words)(二)书信、备忘录、报告：
1.投诉信：
Directions:
You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room。
Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term.You would prefer a single room.Explain your reasons。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation.I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient。
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties。
To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned.I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming 2.推荐信/求职信/求学信：
Directions:
One of your friends wants to apply for a job working with foreign teenagers.Write a letter to recommend him/her, describe his/her past experience, and explain the reasons。
Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post.With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Tsinghua University several times。
Busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record.Upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Tsinghua Middle School.What is more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children.This won him great popularity among his students。
Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
3.备忘录/报告：
Directions:
You are the president of a company.Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan。
Date：January 9, 2010
To：Percy Shelley, Vice President
From：Li Ming, President
Subject：Computer Training of the Staff
As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff.We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field。
I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program.We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn。
Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover.Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks.Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.二、写作B节：预测：70%考图画作文，30%考图表作文、情景作文或提纲作文
(一)图画作文：
1、最新大纲样题：合作
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)give your comments。
You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.(图略)
As is subtly portrayed in the drawing, two handicapped young men are heading towards their destination with vigorous strides, leaving all their crutches behind.The hardship of disability being no longer an obstacle on their journey, they support each other with firm hands and proceed steadily.The caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs。
It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the importance of cooperation in our daily life.Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance of his colleagues and partners.As competition in all lines of work grows increasingly fierce, we must defeat our rivals through powerful teamwork.Take basketball hero Yao Ming for an example, he can slam the dunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance.Likewise, the successful launching of Chang’e No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinese scientists’ joint efforts instead of individual accomplishment.If we work separately, we will be confined to frail minds and limited resources。
On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that cooperation and teamwork really count in this competitive society.Hence, we should associate ourselves harmoniously with our companions in every attempt towards our goals.In addition, it is indispensable to train our kids frequently to interact smoothly with others in a team.As the proverb goes, unity is strength。
2.环境问题：
Directions:
A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay in at least 150words。
B.Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET2.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1.Describe the pictures。
2.Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures。
3.Suggest counter measures。
(图略)
As is symbolically portrayed in the pictures, with the speedy social and economic development, the number of fishes has sharply decreased.In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing-boats。
The purpose of the pictures is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decline of ocean resources.Owing to over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously shrunk.If we let this situation go as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the forthcoming future.By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction。
Hence, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws and regulations to control commercial fishing.For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are vital to us.Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources.Also I reckon that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future。
3.坚持/成功/奋斗/拼搏/创新：
Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1)describe the set of drawing，2)interpret its meaning, and
3)support your view with examples。
(图略)
It is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts, sweat pouring down his face.After a long journey, he is making the final spurt toward the finishing line, with strong determination to become a champion.It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory.However, straight ahead lies a sign which indicates a new “starting point” and urges him to continue rushing to the next destination。
Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasing fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another.Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world.As Deng Xiaoping, the great Chinese leader said, “Development is inarguable truth。” No matter how powerful a specific institution is, it will definitely seek new development in high speed.Generally speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant。
A case in point is the successful launching of “Shenzhou Ⅶ Spacecraft” which sets China in a high position of aviation and space flight.Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the forthcoming future and need to do further research in space technology.Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees.If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses.We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.On the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that “destination is another starting point。”(296 words)
4.信心/金融危机/甲流/就业难：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should 1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)support your view with an example/examples。
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
(图略)
As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on.On guarding the goal, the man on the left seems to be keeping a “huge goal” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the person on the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge keeper”.It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them。
This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now.The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with.Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence.Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties.We can do nothing but face them.Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step.Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine.Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us.Some people give up, some persist.So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems。
On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner.And nothing is impossible, just do it。
5.交通问题：
Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawings.In your essay, you should：
1)describe the drawings briefly，2)explain their intended meaning, and then
3)give your comments.(图略)
The pictures vividly reveal that heavy traffic is becoming increasingly serious all over the world.In the first photo, there is traffic congestion on the road with numerous cars, trucks and buses.In the second picture, hundreds of people are waiting for a train。
We can deduce from the pictures that the photographer is trying to attract our attention to the issue of heavy traffic.First of all, every year men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.As people in mounting numbers flood into cities, city services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point.In addition, since in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used by traffic, traffic flows constantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways are provided for them。
It is imperative for us to improve this situation.For one thing, the number of private cars should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers.For another, more streets and roads should be constructed.Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem, there is an increased awareness that the two solutions may be combined with other possible solutions to produce the best effect。
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