2013年6月四级写作备考新思路---“功能段落”法

第一篇：2013年6月四级写作备考新思路---“功能段落”法

2013年6月四级写作备考新思路---“功能段落”法

文/石雷鹏

2012年12月四、六级迎来了“多题多卷”形式。那么，“多题多卷”的时代写作应该如何备考？笔者结合四级阅卷，从试题特点、快速提分方略和写作复习三个角度给各位尚在迷茫中的考生献策。

一、试题特点：“跑题”的那些事

关于“多题多卷”：即一个考场同时使用多张试卷对考生进行测试。但是，“多题多卷”更多体现在阅读、完型、选词填空、翻译部分，听力和写作在同一考场内则相同。据笔者了解，同一考区内（如北京考区）的写作试题一致且2012年12月的四级写作部分全国只有两套考题。写作部分相同主要是考虑到阅卷的信度和效度，听力相同主要是放音设备的限制。

关于“跑题”：12年12月四级考了图表作文，阅卷中发现题目为“Education Pays”，主题为“不同教育背景者之间收入差异”的作文，多半学生不切题。部分原因是多数考生准备不全面，尤其对于图表作文备考不足，甚至毫无准备，造成心理障碍；更多原因是临场审题不周导致理解出现偏差。

如何避免跑题？首先，“多题多卷”是未来大势所趋，写作命题预计也会朝多题方向发展，因此建议考生全面备考论说文、应用文、图表或图画作文。有备无患，不打无准备之仗。其次，根据2011年12月当时阅卷的官方对于“全英文命题形式”的表述为：“既考写作又考理解”。因此，全英文的作文审题应该注意三个方面：1）体裁和话题；2）内容要点（汉语提纲或英文要求）；3）字数。

以2012年12月四级为例，真题如下：

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below(Weekly earnings in 2010).Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.上文体裁要求为“Essay”，阅卷中居然有一位同学令人难以置信的写了一封信，因此被扣分；话题为“Education Pays”，很多同学望文生义，看到“education”表示教育，“pay”表示付款，就将题目简单理解为“教育付出”，而忽略了英文形式的内容要点：“based on the statistics provided in the chart below(Weekly earnings in 2010).Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it.”该写作要求可以翻译为：“作文应基于以上图表（2010年周薪）所给数据。首先对图表内容简要描述，然后再对图表内容进行评论。”尤其是“Weekly earnings”表“每周的收入”，此外还有图表题目“Education: a worthy investment”告诉我们“教育是一项有回报的投资”，那么重点一定是在教育的回报上。综合所有信息，Education Pays的正确理解应该为“教育回报或收益”。

对于字数，官方要求是120到180，笔者建议字数为140到160之间即可，因为如果只写120内容可能不够详实，但写的越多犯错的几率也越高。

二、快速提分方略

很多年同学写作复习热衷于考前背诵模板。但单纯依靠模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是死的、是固定的，但考题的思路很可能与模板不同，如果死背模板导致“所背非所考”导致心理慌乱。其次，阅卷发现，很多模板句式是陈词滥调且被考生高度重复使用，如“With the development of our society, more and more „.”, “There has been a heated discussion revolving around this issue of whether people should do sth„”和结尾处写“Only by doing so, can we „..”或者“As far as I am concerned, „”。高度重复导致必然阅卷时审美疲劳甚至厌烦从而影响作文得分。

但是，无论考试如何变化，写作部分总会给出话题和写作要求。如果按各个“写作要求”去写相应的内容或段落，就做到“一段对应一个或多个写作要求”，这就是“功能段落”的基本思路。历年写作要求（无论是英文形式还是汉语提纲）可以总结为六个功能：现象描述、危害分析（弊）、原因、建议、观点（支持或反方）、意义（利）。功能段落按照题目要求的排列组合就是一篇完整的文章，笔者建议考生作文写成三段，且中间段落为主体，字数上应多于首段和尾段。近年真题解的功能段落解析如下：

2012年12月作文题目为Education Pays, 写作要求为英文形式：“based on the statistics provided in the chart below(Weekly earnings in 2010).Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it.解析：考生应首先对图表所反映的“现象”进行描述；评论内容可写“收入差异的原因”、“教育的意义”；尾段可以写“建议”或“观点”均可。

2012年6月作文题目为On Excessive Packaging, 写作要求为三条汉语提纲：

1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象.2.出现这一现象的原因.3.我对这一现象的看法和建议.解析：本次作文可写三个段落，对应四项内容依次为：现象、原因、观点+建议。2011年12月题目为 Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will，写作要求为英文形式：by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I've done it hundreds of times.”

解析：本次作文可写三个功能，首段为对“戒烟”现象的描述和看法，中间段落论述“坚强意志力的意义”，尾段提出“建议”。

2011-06：题目为Online Shopping，写作要求为三条汉语提纲： 1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3．我的建议

解析：本次四级对应四个段落分别是：现象、利弊分析和建议。

2010-12：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 写作要求为三条汉语提纲：1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2.为了让孩子独立, 父母应该„„

解析：该题目只有两个提纲：现象和建议，可以添加一个原因功能段落。这篇作文就是“三段论”的形式：现象、原因和建议。2010年6月CET也属于该种那类型。

2009-12：Creating a Green Campus，写作要求为三条汉语提纲： 1.建设绿色校园很重要

2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境„„ 3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该„„

解析：该段对应提纲如下：首段写绿色校园的“意义”、二段由抽象概念联想到具体“现象”，尾段提出“建议”。

综上分析，六种“功能段落”按照“写作要求”的排列组合就构成近年真题的文章。因此，如果能够掌握住六种功能段落的写作实际就掌握了四、六级考试写作考题的最本质特征。如此，无论题目如何变化，考生只要结合“审题三要素”，然后按照题目要求写相应的“功能段落”就永远不会跑题，这样的准备思路是灵活的；反之，死背模板容易导致生搬硬套，甚至文不对题，导致失分。

因此，“功能段落”和“功能表达”的积累就是快速提分和写作备考的关键。

例如表“现象”的“功能表达”之一的基本框架可以是：In contemporary society, it has become a trend for _____ to _____.可以根据“写作要求”替换个别词汇来写多次四级考试作文。

2012年12月首段：In 2010, it had become a trend for people with higher degrees to earn more money in a week in America.2012年6月首段：In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many stores to package their goods or products excessively.2011年12月首段：In our daily life, it is a common phenomenon for smokers without strong will to have difficulty quitting smoking.2011年6月首段：In contemporary society, it has become a fashion for people to purchase a variety of goods from the Internet.2010年12月首段：In contemporary families, it has become a trend for many parents to prepare everything for their kids.2010年6月首段: On many campuses or schools, it has become a trend for many students to pay less attention to spelling in English learning.“功能表达”的选择和积累过程应掌握三个原则：实用性，即可写类似的“功能段落”；灵活性，即考生应要求自己灵活掌握，能根据题目变化灵活使用；简洁性，即语言精练，可以有模板的痕迹，但应该有实质内容，而不是通篇废话。例如，2011年笔者阅卷所见废话式表达，“Recently, the phenomenon of “______ ” has aroused wide concern among the public.Does anyone hold the same attitude towards this issue? Definitely not.Actually, opinions vary from individual to individual.”相信很多考生喜欢这样的表达，因为只需要在划线部分填写作文主题词该段落即可成形。但是请反思，首先是不是所有作文的写作要求都是在首段提出“人们看法不一”？其次，阅卷老师难道看不出上述表达缺乏写作“实质”信息？

近年真题分析（见上文）表明，“现象”、“原因”和“建议”三个“功能段落”是考到频率较高的段落，考生应该重点准备。

例如尾段经常可以写到建议，考生可以积累建议的“功能表达”，如，it is advisable for ____ to _____;或 it is suggested that ______should strengthen their awareness of ______.或 we should educate, advocate and encourage ____(not)to _____.2012年12月建议之一：It is advisable for youngsters in US to gain higher degrees and rich knowledge.2012年6月建议之一：We should educate, advocate and encourage our friends and classmates to refuse products with excessive packaging.2011年12月建议之一：It is suggested that every one should strengthen their strong will to face difficulties in life.2011年6月建议之一：It is advisable for online shoppers to protect their private information, like telephone numbers, names and address.2010年12月建议之一：Parents should educate, advocate and encourage their kids to face difficulties independently in life and study.2010年6月建议之一：It is suggested that students should strengthen their awareness of protecting natural environment and learning atmosphere in college.篇幅所限，不再一一枚举其他“功能表达”。事实上，按照以上三个原则，在日常学习中考生可以有多重途径积累“功能表达”，例如在阅读中读到关于“观点”的优秀表达可以积累，在范文中学到表述“现象”的表达可以积累；退一步说，即使背诵模板，也不要死背，要明确所背语言表达的“功能”是表述“现象”、“意义”、还是“危害”或“建议”。

同样，图表或图画描述的本质为也是“现象”的一种，如2012年12月图表所反映现象为：“高学历意味高收入”。考生可有针对性的准备图表描述中关于“随时间变化”和“某一固定时间不同事物之间的排序对比”的表达。图表或图画作文的二段一般写“原因”、“意义”或“危害”，尾段写“建议”或“评论”。此外，沉寂多年的应用文也可能在“多题多卷”的时代再次登场。应用文包含多种题材，如书信、海报、通知、简历、请假条等也应有所准备；应用文除格式应该注意外，写作主体部分也可转化为“功能段落”或“功能表达”。

如，2002年12月四级作文题目为“A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus；”写作要求如下：“假设你是李明，请就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应设计食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬。可以使批评建议，也可以兼而有之。”

解析：“食堂状况”对应“现象”段，信中还可以选择性写到“建议”段。这样书信或其他应用的主体部分就成形了。

三、写作复习方法

1.先背再写：基础较差同学不建议先写，因为没有正确的“input”就没有有效的“output”。然后在理解的基础上模仿写类似不同话题的段落。

母语写作考察考生考查写作和思维能力，但四级属大学英语学习的基础阶段，更多考查二语语言能力。背写所积累的“功能段落”和“功能表达”一方面练习书写，避免提笔忘词；另一方面可以提高语感，夯实基础。

遣词和造句的表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背写“功能表达”和“词汇”。写作常用词汇应多积累背诵，且可以使用“亮点”词汇替换常用表达。如，exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very； an army of/a great many/a host of 替换 a lot of； advancement 替换 development;

positive, favorable, promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good;

give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause;

harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, 替think;

beneficial, rewarding替换helpful;bear in mind that 替换remember;enjoy, possess 替换have;

shopper, consumer, purchaser, 替换customer.2.阶段总结：每过一阶段（如两周）就要问自己几个问题：所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章？该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么？题目关键词可以联想到那些相关表达？请记住：没有复习，没有巩固，没有提高。

3.模拟反思：在积累并熟练掌握背写了六种“功能段落”的常见“功能表达”之后，可以结合真题或模拟题在限定时间（30分钟）内运用所背写过的词汇和句式完成写作，以期达到考试时灵活应用的目的。完成作文练习后必须反思，找出不足之处，可以自己查错，也可以让老师或英语较好的同学帮忙修改。如果没有反思，只能提高写作的速度，无法提高质量，该犯的错误可能一直在犯。结语

一般而言，写作短期内提高实力的可能性不大。但针对某项特定考试，有针对性的准备，写作是考前短期内提分最明显的版块，因为考生可以写自己考前积累的词汇和表达。因此，建议考生平时多积累多学习多练习，Practice makes perfect.祝愿各位考生能熟能生巧，灵活将所学应用于考场争取满意的成绩。

第二篇：大学英语四级写作——经典段落

大学英语四级写作模板——经典段落

1描述图表段模板

As is shown in the chart, the average hours a student spends using computers has grown up tremendously.For one thing, from 1990 to 1995, the average hours that students spent on computers in every week only doubled.For another, in 2000, college students averagely spent 20 hours per week on computers, which is five times as large as that of 1995.It is obvious that college students become more and more crazy about computers.2描述现象段模板

Recently, we often hear complaints about dishonesty.What amazes us most is that a lot of students cheat in exams.And people seem to get accustomed to many dishonest behaviors.We can see that there are dishonest practices in all walks of life.Nowadays, 描述现象.For one thing,支持这一道理的一个方面.For another,支持这一道理的另一方面.It is obvious that 指出现象具有典型性的一面.描述背景段模板 With the development of the H.R.market, the interview is becoming more and more important in job-seeking.So it is of great importance for us to master skills on interview.On the one hand, the interviewer can know about the candidates in the interview.On the other hand, the interviewee can get necessary information directly from the interviewer.3描述事件段

It so happened that one day we were having an English class in the language lab.Just at the moment, my classmate Lucy next to me fell unconscious suddenly.It impressed me most because her face was so red that it seemed to be burning.What happened next was moving and unforgettable.4举例说明段

Many examples can be found to prove it.Take the English study as a typical example.(举一个例子).People can learn the words and grammatical rules well only if they follow the saying “practice makes perfect”.(展开句).Furthermore, more practice will make us use a computer more skillfully.(进一步具体阐述)Many examples can be found to prove 主题.Take 例子 as a typical example, 阐述例子.People 人们的习惯做 法.Furthermore, 其他相关的事实.A case in point is 提出具体的例子.This is close to suggest 深入探讨这一事例.It is true that 重申理论的正确 性.In addition, 其他相关的事实.说明原因段

There are many reasons explaining these dishonest behaviors.The main reason is that countless people neglect the moral values in pursuit of their own interests.What is more, we lack effective laws and regulations of supervision so that a great many dishonest people can escape punishment.As a result, the problem of dishonesty becomes very serious.The reasons of 主题 lie in several aspects./ Many remarkable factors contribute to 主题.Firstly/ first of all, 理 由一.Secondly/ In addition, 理由二.Finally, 理由三.6说明方法段

We have figured out many ways to know the outside world.Firstly, we can learn about the world from mass media such as TV and the Internet.Secondly, social service is another good choice for us.Thirdly, we can also conduct investigations in factories and villages.As is known to all, there are many ways 主题.First of all, 解决方法一.Furthermore,解决方法二.Last but not least,解决方法三.7议论段

It is well known that 论点.The truth of it is self-evident.No one can deny 观点的理论依据.Therefore, 总结句.It is believed that 论点.The truth is deep and profound.As we know, 观点的理论依据.Consequently, 总结句.It is well known that we should not hesitate to say “No” on many occasions.(提出观点)The truth of it is self-evident.（强调观点的显明性）No one can deny that when we are unable to offer help, we should say “No”.（进一步说明观点）Therefore, a direct reply “No” should be used to avoid misunderstanding among us.（总结句）It is well known that practice makes perfect.（通过点题突出论点）The truth of it is self-evident.（说明观点的 正确性）No one can deny that the more you practice the more skillful you will be.（解释观点）Therefore, we should be down-to-the –earth and practice a lot before we can actually acquire some skills.（总结句）

8对比观点段

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test.This news causes a heated debate over the necessity of the test.（点明争论焦点）There are mainly two kinds of opinions.（指出 存在两种观点）It is commonly accepted that such a test in China is very necessary.（观点一）In contrast, others think it unnecessary.（观点二）There is a heated debate over 争论焦点.There are mainly two kinds of opinions.It is commonly accepted that 观点一.In contrast, others 与观点一对立的观点二.Different people will offer quite different ideas 争论焦点.There are mainly two kinds of opinions.Many people assert 观点一.However, others believe 与观点一对立的观点二.There is a heated debate over

9观点总结段

As I understand, 我的看法或偏好.On the one hand, 个人看法的依据一.On the other hand, 个人看法的依据 二.In conclusion, 个人的结论或文章的结论.As to me, I prefer 我的看法或偏好.First, 个人看法的依据一.Second, 个人看法的依据二.In a word, 个人的 结论或文章的结论.There is no doubt that 观点在日常生活中的体现.That is because 支持观点的理由.So it is 行动的重要性 for us to 应采取的行动.In conclusion, 总结全文.All mentioned above tells us 重申观点.As a matter of fact, 观点在日常生活中的体现.There is no denying that 结论.In short, 总结全文.There is no doubt that the skills for the job play a decisive role.That is because skills enable a person to cope well with his future work.So it is important for him to show all his abilities to the interviewer.In conclusion, a qualified candidate must give an excellent performance.(非第一人称总结)

第三篇：英语四级写作万能功能句型总结

英语写作万能功能句型总结(1)I.用于文章主题句 1.不用说，…

It goes without saying that子句 =(It is)needless to say(that)子句 = It is obvious that子句 = Obviously, S.+ V.例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2.…是不可能的;无法… There is no Ving = There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例：不可否认的，成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3.我深信…

I am greatly convinced(that)子句 = I am greatly assured(that)子句 例：我深信预防是于治疗。

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4.在各种…之中，… Among various kinds of …, … = Of all the …, …

例：在各种运动中，我尤其喜欢慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.5.…是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved(that)子句 例：时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。

It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6.…无论如何强调都不为过 … cannot be overemphasized

例：交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.就我的看法，…；我认为… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, … = I am of the opinion that子句

例：就我的看法，打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。

In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8.(A)每个人都知道…

Everyone knows(that)子句(B)就我所知，…

As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 例：就我所知，下列方法对我帮助很大。As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9.毫无疑问地，… There is no doubt(that)子句

例：毫无疑问地，近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。

There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10.根据我个人经验，…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

英语写作万能功能句型总结(2)

11.在我认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。

Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …

例：在我认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。

Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.12.在我的求学过程中，我忘不了… In the course of my schooling.I will never forget … 例：在我的求学过程中，我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget the In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.16.世上没有什么比…更令我高兴。

例：每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪，我就忍不住感到悲伤。

Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.great difficulty I encountered in learning English.13.(A)随着人口的增加，… With the increase/growth of the population , …

(B)随着科技的进步, … With the of science and technology, …

例：随着台湾经济的快速发展，许多社会问题产生了。

With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14.(A)在这信息的年代，…扮演重要的角色。In the age of information and communication , … plays an important role.(B)在今日工业社会中，…是生命不可或缺的。In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.例：在这信息的年代，计算机扮演非常重要的角色。In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.15.在讨论…，一个人不得不承认…。In dealing with …, one cannot but admit(that)子句 例：在讨论未来的职业，一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as … 例：世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17.… 是必要的 It is necessary that S(should)V … 是重要的 It is important/essential that S(should)V

… 是适当的 It is proper that S(should)V … 是紧急的 It is urgent that S(should)V 例：我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。It is proper that we(should)keep the public places clean.18.每当我听到…，我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.每当我做…，我就忍不住感到悲伤。Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.每当我想到…，我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.每当我遭遇…，我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.每当我看到… 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19.据说… It is said(that)子句 一般认为… It is thought(that)子句 大家都知道… It is known(that)子句 据报导… It is reported(that)子句 一般预料… It is expected(that)子句 一般估计… It is estimated(that)子句 一般相信… It is believed(that)子句

例：一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。

It is believed(that)reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20.…的主要理由是…

The main reason why …..is(that)子句

例：青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.英语写作万能功能句型总结(3)

21.俗语说得好：「…」。Well goes an old saying, “…”

We need to live a regular life.That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in Besides(In addition), we should not neglect … 例：此外，我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥= As an old saying goes(runs, says), “…” = An old saying goes, “…” = It's an old saying(that)子句 例：俗话说得好：「诚实为上策」。

As an old saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” 22.(A)…用下列方法… … in the following ways.(B)…有三个主要理由。… for three major reasons.(C)要…，至少我们可做三件事。To …, there are at least three things we can do.例：(A)我用下列方法增加信心。

I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B)人们学外语有三个理由。

People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C)为了维护健康，我们每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II.用于文章承转句 23.那就是(说)…；亦即… That is to say, … = That is, … = Namely, …

例：我们生活需有规律。也就是说，早睡早起，戒除烟酒。

the daily activities.24.(A)基于这个理由，… For this reason, …(B)为了这个目的，… For this purpose , … 例：基于这个理由，我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。

For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25.我们有理由相信…

We have reasons to believe(that)子句 例：我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26.事实上，… As a matter of fact, … = In fact, …

例：事实上，健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.27.(A)例如，… For example, …(B)拿…做例子 Take … for example.例：例如，我们盲目地提高生活水准，却降低生活品质。

For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.28.此外，我们不应忽视…

和的社会。

In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.29.相反地，… on the contrary , … = by , …

例：相反地，少数学生似乎还在鬼混。

On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.30.另一方面，… on the other hand, …

例：政府应严格执法，另一方面，大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。

The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.英语写作万能功能句型总结(4)31.然而，很可惜的是… However, it is a pity that子句

例：然而，很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.32.换言之，… in other words, … = to put it differently 例：换言之，我会尽最大的努力达成我的目标。In other words, I will try my best to attain(gain, live What is more serious is(that)子句

例：更严重的是，我们不珍惜野生动物。What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.例：如此，我相信大家能够像我一样，享受乘坐公车的乐趣。

In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.up to)my goal.33.别人可能认为这是事实，但我不是。我认为… It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that子句

例：别人可能认为这是事实，但我不是。我认为…It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.34.从此之后，我已发现… Ever since then, I have found that子句 例：从此之后，我已发现…

Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.35.这样说来，假如...，当然毫无疑问地…。In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt(that)子句

例：这样说来，假如我们能善用时间，当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。

In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.36.更严重的是，…。

37.鉴于社会的实际需要，…。In view of the practical need of society, ….例：鉴于社会的实际需要，愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。

In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.III.用于文章结论句 38.如果能实践这三点，…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), …

例：如果能实践这三点，…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.39.做这些简单之事，我们一定可以…。By doing these simple things, we surely can ….例：做这些简单之事，我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。

By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.40.如此，我相信…。In this way, I believe(that)子句

英语写作万能功能句型总结(5)41.实践这些，…。

By putting them(the above)into practice, ….例：实践这些，在智育方面我一直能不断进步。By putting them(the above)into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.42.(A)唯有符合此三项要求，我们才能…。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….(B)唯有通力合作，我们才能…。Only with combined efforts, can we ….例：唯有通力合作，我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。

Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后，但并非最不重要，…。Last but no least, ….例：最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。

Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the

cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.这证据显示～的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of ～ 48.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，…。If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt(that)子句

cannot be overemphasized.例：这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。

This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45.由于这些理由，我…。For these reasons, I ….例：由于这些理由，我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。

For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46.总而言之，….In conclusion, … = To sum up, …

例：总而言之，好国民应该遵守交通规则。In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47.因此，我们能下个结论，那就是…。We can, therefore, come to the conclusion(that)子句 例：因此，我们能下个结论，那就是世上自由罪珍贵。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.例：如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English 49.因此，这就是…的原因。Thus, this is the reason why ….例：因此，这就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.50.所以，我们应该了解…。Therefore, we should realize(that)子句

例：所以，我们应该了解学英文不能没有字典。Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.

第四篇：英语四级改革后写作备考方法

英语四级培训：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英语四级一对一咨询qq：1613508081

2014年6月四六级考试备考步骤

回顾了去年的考试情况后，面对今年的6月份考试，我们又应该如何开展写作复习计划呢？

第一，积累写作素材。英文写作跟中文写作一样，都要有充足的素材积累，所以前期的积累很重要。方法很简单，就是背诵，然后默写，把别人的东西拿来自己用。当背诵了一些文章之后，我们可以尝试着自己写，模仿他们的写法，写得多了自然会形成一种属于自己的东西。

第二，善于进行阶段总结。考生在备考阶段，一定要善于发问和总结，这样才能发现自己的不足并改善复习计划。对于背诵的文章，不要光记下来就完事了，还要分析其表达方式，学习其文章结构，总结文章中的优秀词组及句式，还要注意学以致用，懂得变通，这样才能有真正的提高。

第三，进行模拟写作，并对自己的文章进行修改。资料积累起来是拿来用的，考前演练才是能真正取得提高的必经过程。考生最好拿真题中的题目来练习，按照规定的时间完成文章。写完后最好拿给英语比较好的同学或老师来修改一下，指出文章的错误和需要改进的地方，以便在之后的写作中避免同类错误的发生。请切忌一味地闭门造车，因为这样是很难有提高的。

当然，英语写作能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事，要想达到一定的水平，需要长期的积累和训练。但是只要大家有针对性地训练和准备，短期内还是能收到成效的。

英语四级培训：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1820/ 英语四级一对一咨询qq：1613508081

第五篇：四级冲刺备考--写作完美攻略

四级冲刺备考--写作完美攻略

表达积累：表达分为四个层次：词句段篇。

其中篇章层面只要按照提纲要求去组织文章即可，因此篇章方面不足为虑。段落方面按照“功能段落”的六种形式去识别，也小菜一碟。

词和句是表达的基本元素，也是语言质量的根本体现。在新东方教书的这四年中和三次参加四六级考试阅卷的经历中，看过无数学生的作文，深感学生词句方面能力的薄弱。同时结合过往教学中的成功案例，提出冲刺阶段表达积累的高效途径。

1.背写：思路+表达。

很多同学考前也在背，背的滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，觉得自己水平很牛！上了考场也顺利将文章写了出来，却得了一个很低的分数，为什么？因为单词都拼错了。冲刺阶段，请牢记：口头背诵的再好不等于能够写对。背写是提高写作和翻译唯一，也是最有效的方法。

那么背写什么内容哪？答案是思路和表达。思路上文中已有论述，遣词和造句的表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背诵有效句式和用词。考生不必刻意追求适用难词，但可以将常见词汇稍作替换：如，exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very；an army of/a great many/a host of 替换 a lot of；advancement 替换 development;positive, favorable, promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good;give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause;harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, 替think;beneficial, rewarding替换helpful;bear in mind that 替换remember;enjoy, possess 替换have;shopper, client, consumer, purchaser, 替换customer

表达精彩体现在三个方面：遣词、造句、连贯。大家可以结合以下例文感受这三个方面：（声明：试题命制、范文均为笔者原创，谢绝转载！）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help?.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

1.帮助别人是一种美德

2.但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦

3.我的看法

首段阐述意义：In contemporary society, it should be a virtue for individuals to offer help to those who are in need.Without this morality, it is impossible for the society to be named “Harmony”.Apparently enough, it is of great importance/ significance/ value/ benefits for people to help each other, especially in difficulties.二段描述负面现象：However, a host of people find it hard or troublesome to offer helps to strangers.We have been frequently informed that（A typical example is that）a warmhearted man--who lends a hand to an old lady—gets himself in trouble.Since helping others may trigger trouble, a few people refuse to offer help timely.And if we let/allow this situation to continue as it is now, we would not know where civilized society will be in the forthcoming future.尾段我的看法(或建议)：As college students, we should bear in mind this virtue.However, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to support this virtue.In addition, it is suggested that we should offer aid to strangers in a safe way, such as dialing 12o or110 for help.If we try our utmost to do so, the future of our society/ civilization will be promising, hopeful and rosy.(以上范文字数为202词，请自己酌情删减即可)

三、冲刺复习安排建议。

总体原则：先背再写、阶段总结、适当模拟。

先背再写：基础较差同学一定要先背一些东西，然后模仿该作文的思路和表达去写。可以背诵的内容有：本人上课时讲义上要求大家背诵的功能句式和教材相关范文。背写的目的是积累语言表达实力，同时练习书写的公正和优美。建议书写较差的考生买本英语字帖练一下书写，也许你会有意外的惊喜。

阶段总结：每过一周就要问自己几个问题：所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章？该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么？关键词如何避免重复？如果解决不了，请参照讲义上给大家总结的各类功能段落的功能句式和表达。请记住：没有复习，没有巩固。

适当模拟：在熟练掌握背写了六种功能段落的思路和表达之后，可以结合适当题目在写作中运用所讲所背所总结提分词汇、句式。建议大家能够灵活运用，做到一例多用。如我在多个班上讲过的关于英语学习的话题作文，可以写13次四级考试的作文。

题目：On English Learning

提纲：1.英语学习很重要；2.英语者所面临的困难；3.如何学好英语

In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance.(主题句)Firstly, based on a survey, a majority of tourists acknowledge that they prefer to speak English when traveling around the world.(调查法表述)Secondly, compared with the poor English speakers, good English-speakers are superior in many ways.(比较模板句式)

However, English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in their learning.(主题句)For example, it can be noticed that a large number of students have difficulty memorizing words.Sometimes, it is difficult for them to understand the rules of grammar.In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they can not express themselves freely in English.Then, how to get a good command of(学好)this language? I am convinced that practice makes perfect.Only practice can enable one to speak and write fluently.And it is also through practice that one can master the rules of grammar and remember words, and there is no other way.(强调句式）

以上范文灵活改编可以13次四级作文。亲爱的童鞋们，你懂得！

记住：写作是最灵活的一种测试形式。写自己提前准备的表达式提分最有效的利器。最后送给正在奋斗中的童鞋们两句话：尽最大的努力（Try your utmost），得最大的惊喜(Achieve success)。